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Atopic dermatitis is a disease whose source lies mainly in the patient’s genes. The fact is that atopy is considered a disease of civilization. At the beginning of the 20th century, symptoms of this type of allergy were found in 1% of respondents. of the population, currently probably 1/3 of the population suffer from atopy. The greatest number of abnormal reactions of the body comes from organs in direct contact with external allergens, such as the respiratory system, digestive tract and skin.

Atopic dermatitis is commonly associated with elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE).

The etiology of atopic dermatitis is not fully known yet, and it is also a very complex disease. The reasons for its occurrence include the following factors, such as:

• hereditary tendencies (genes),
• much more polluted environment,
• processed food,
• tendencies to excessive sterilization and degreasing of the epidermis by washing agents,
• Detergents,
• frequent, long baths with the addition of chemicals,
• food allergens,
• stress that accompanies us every day,
• disturbances in the structure and functioning of the skin.

One of the symptoms of atopic dermatitis is persistent itching, which makes it difficult for everyone to function, and more importantly, the skin that is notoriously irritated and scratched becomes very dry and rough. As a result of atopic dermatitis, more and more red spots, lumps resembling lichen, appear on the body. The so-called cross hairs caused by scratching. As a result, the patient’s skin looks like greasy parchment, becomes transparent and dry. In addition, red lumps appear on it, which tend to multiply and spread around the elbows, knees, neck, nape, feet, hands and face. These burning and itchy patches of skin are the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. In addition, changes may appear up to 48 hours after contact with the source of the allergen.

In summary, the symptoms of AD include:

• itching
• roughness and dryness of the skin,
• irritated skin,
• Red spots,
• quarrels,
• papules resembling lichen
• itchy eruptions.

Given that atopic dermatitis is sometimes difficult to diagnose, it should be done by a dermatologist or allergist. Typical skin lesions are located, for example, in the joints of the elbows and knees, on the neck, in the eye sockets. The disease is diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and an interview with the patient.

Treating atopic dermatitis is not easy. If it is possible to determine which factors sensitize the Patient with AD, the treatment consists primarily in the elimination of allergens from his environment or from food.

In addition, you may find it helpful, for example:

• antihistamines,
• corticosteroids during exacerbations and topically in the form of an ointment (avoiding the lanolin excipient, to which patients are often sensitive),
• immunosuppressants,
• phototherapy – UVA and UVB irradiation,
• photochemotherapy (PUVA),
• skin care and lubrication,
• specialist medical clothing.

It is very important that everyone suffering from AD should also remember a few simple rules that should be followed every day, such as:

• it is better to take a shower than a long bath (prolonged exposure to chlorinated water irritates the skin),
• do not use ordinary soaps or bath lotions – use cosmetics intended for people with very sensitive skin, hypoallergenic, do not contain ordinary soap,
• it is worth adding emollient to the bath,
• after the bath, gently dry the skin and grease it with e.g. olive or emollient,
• use hypoallergenic cosmetics,
• clothes should be airy and soft,
• clothes and bedding should be washed in powders for allergy sufferers,
• you can’t overheat.

The good condition of the patient’s skin consists of many elements: disease prevention, combined with appropriate skin care and inflammation control, gives the best possible effect.

It is very important to also take care to prevent the formation of further changes through proper care – the use of the so-called emollients, special preparations (ointments, lotions, bath oils) moisturizing and moisturizing the skin. During this time, you should discontinue other, especially heavily perfumed and highly chemical cosmetics, because they can only exacerbate the disease.

Pharmacological treatment uses mainly glucocorticosteroids, which are applied topically to skin lesions. They are in the form of ointments, creams or lotions. Usually, at the beginning, the doctor prescribes stronger preparations, which are gradually replaced by weaker ones. Atopic dermatitis has a tendency to recur, so consistency in fighting it is important.

AD treatment – dermatology Medical Clinic Podhale Art Zakopane, Chramcówki 7, tel: +48 18 265 74 27